The signs of strengthening the roles of religion in INTERNATIONAL relations theory have become more clarified since the last decades of twentieth century. The reality of INTERNATIONAL relations has been affected by some agents with religious tendencies who are challenging the current situation; on the other hAND in the theoretical aspect the mainstream of INTERNATIONAL relations are targeted by epistemological challenges which highlighting the weakness AND inefficiency of rationalism, positivism AND materialism in solving the issues of national relations. The relation between religion AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE is one of the most important issues which must be studied in the theory of INTERNATIONAL relations. The main question of this article is what is the role of religion in creating INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security? AND specifically how can Islamic norms help establishing INTERNATIONAL PEACE? As the answer the idea of using religion as factor for creating PEACE would be reviewed. In the end as a case study some of the PEACE-oriented norms will be pointed out. Theoretically this article is relying on a critical flow in INTERNATIONAL relations so it has critical views against positivism.

current research is to critically analyze the discourse of world PEACE in the textbooks of the Iranian educational system based on the theory of identification by L& M. For this purpose, the textbooks between the years 1357-1392 (primary period AND first period high school) have been analyzed. This article has been done with the combined method of analyzing the discourse of Fairclough, L &M AND focusing on the following questions: What was the status of the world PEACE discourse in the educational documents of this era? What subjects are these educational materials trying to create? What role have the dominant political discourses in this era played in shaping the identity of these subjects? The findings show that the discourse of world PEACE in educational books AND documents has been rejected due to the demarcation between Islamic AND non-Islamic, internal AND external. Power processes have tried to create militant AND vengeful subjects with a military identity. The factor of persuasion of the subjects is the axiomatization of the ideologies of the revolution with an Islamic nature. Also, the educational content by inducing specific defense ideologies has formed pacifist identities in all individual, interpersonal, social AND INTERNATIONAL dimensions.

The outbreak of the corona virus has shown how weak AND vulnerable humans are at the same time as authority. Failure to announce the incident in a timely manner AND the lack of preparedness AND lack of coordination between governments made it difficult to respond AND deal with it quickly. A sharp dispute between China AND the United States over the origin of the virus led to its refusal to include it in the Security Council agenda. The main focus of this research is on the global epidemic of coronary heart disease AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security, AND seeks to answer the question thatIs the disease a threat to INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security? The Council's practice AND practice indicate the expansion of its competencies AND its extension from military to civilian threats. The council has twice before decided on AIDS AND Ebola. Both times saw the situation as a threat to INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security. If the Council wishes to use the same logic in describing AND attaining the status of the corona, it will, as in the previous two cases, declare it a threat to INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security, given the extent of the spread of the disease. But he didn't, AND he probably won't. However, the Security Council has taken a passive approach in this regard, AND little can be expected to change, at least in the short term.

The use AND benefit of technology AND scientific advances, including new technologies, has always been considered one of the fundamental human rights. One of these new technologies is artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence is a type of intelligence that was born in the 1950s AND is an integral part of the digital revolution. The progress of artificial intelligence AND its application in many aspects of human life, especially in the field of human rights, has changed the way people live. With its unpredictable AND rapid growth, this technology has affected all aspects of human life, meditation AND research on the current AND future AND imagined effects of this matter can be discussed AND investigated in different scientific angles, in this article also with the aim of investigating AND the analysis of artificial intelligence AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security, efforts are made to identify AND clarify some of the ambiguities AND questions raised in this field. The results of the research show that artificial intelligence is an influential AND comprehensive field whose scope is not only related to technical AND engineering topics, but also includes the fields of human sciences, especially INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security, AND artificial intelligence challenges It also creates for INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security, the most important of which is the growth of the use of this technology in the military field, which can lead to the production of deadly AND uncontrollable robotic AND automatic weapons.​

One of the major AND more controversial matters in INTERNATIONAL arena is INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security. This matter becomes more controversial when it relates to the INTERNATIONAL criminal tribunals. In other words, the term of “tribunal” itself in INTERNATIONAL relations raises inherently the conflict between PEACE AND justice. It means that this basic question may be made whether there is any conflict between INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security AND justice?Moreover, a tribunal which, in principal, is seeking to apply AND realize justice, in the case of any conflict between PEACE AND justice, to which it may give priority? Or such a question may not arise at all. This research, therefore, deals with the role of the INTERNATIONAL tribunals to maintain AND restore the INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security. It is necessary, so, to review the different generations of INTERNATIONAL criminal tribunals/ courts AND the relationship between PEACE AND justice.The INTERNATIONAL society, surely, is seeking both to maintain INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security AND apply justice in long time. The society, therefore, tried to use all available instruments to achieve such purpose. This has been done sometimes by the victorious states after armed conflicts, AND sometimes by the UN Security Council. These courts have done their role to maintain INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security through trying, sentencing AND imposing punishments against the responsible persons. They also achieved this purpose via prevention of the future crimes AND rule of law, which is precondition for PEACE. 

Although Jack Snyder is a defensive neo-realist, he has kept himself faithful to Waltz's structuralism; his big difference in this work is in his attention to the factors that were compared to the level of the INTERNATIONAL system AND are placed at the reductionist levels. By combining the mentioned levels, the author presents a clearer picture of some countries' causes of war AND unjustified expansionism. Among the structures mentioned in Snyder's work, we can mention the differences in the political systems of nation-states AND the impact of these differences on their distinct foreign policy behaviors. The author searches for many roots of expansionist decisions in the psychological dimension AND examines the possible causes of expansionist thinking in structural impositions, which, from his point of view, are not the primary cause in most cases. In the end, it is important to mention that the expansionist groups of a country often use these impositions to move towards unbridled expansionism with the use of propagANDa techniques AND exaggerating external risks to mobilize political resources.

The INTERNATIONAL environment is global AND the INTERNATIONAL Relations Theories as well. There are opposing poles between realist AND constructivist approaches. INTERNATIONAL Relations Theories are developing different notions about the likelihood of a big war. The contrast between geopolitics AND realism on the one hAND, INTERNATIONAL institutions, interdependence AND interconnectedness on the other hAND, mirrors the philosophies of Thomas Hobbes AND Immanuel Kant.The „pluralistic security communities” of Karl Deutsch could guarantee PEACE through common responsibilities, accountability AND values of sovereign states. The „INTERNATIONAL society” can according to Hugo Grotius be designed as „pluralist”, or according to Kant as „solidarist”. The theses of the „democratic PEACE” interprets Kant’s for PEACE striving republics as modern stable democracies. Smaller states can stay out of great power conflicts by demonstrating their usefulness in the sense of Kant’s republics that trade with one another AND warrant hospitability. The INTERNATIONAL relations oscillate also in the era of globalization between association AND dissociation. Globalisierung, Krieg und Frieden in den Theorien der INTERNATIONALen Beziehungen Zusammenfassung Das INTERNATIONALe Umfeld ist global, ebenso wie die Theorien der INTERNATIONALen Beziehungen. Zwischen realistischen und konstruktivistischen Ansätzen bestehen gegensätzliche Pole. Die Theorien der INTERNATIONALen Beziehungen entwickeln unterschiedliche Vorstellungen über die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines großen Krieges. Der Gegensatz zwischen Geopolitik und Realismus auf der einen Seite sowie INTERNATIONALen Institutionen, Interdependenz und Vernetzung auf der ANDeren Seite spiegelt die Philosophien von Thomas Hobbes und Immanuel Kant wider. Die „pluralistischen Sicherheitsgemeinschaften“ von Karl Deutsch könnten den Frieden durch gemeinsame Verantwortlichkeiten, Rechenschaftspflicht und die Werte souveräner Staaten garantieren. Die „INTERNATIONALe Gesellschaft“ kann gemäß Hugo Grotius als „pluralistisch“ oder gemäß Kant als „solidaristisch“ konzipiert werden. Die These des „demokratischen Friedens“ interpretiert Kants auf Frieden abzielende Republiken als moderne stabile Demokratien. Kleinere Staaten können sich aus Konflikten zwischen Großmächten heraushalten, indem sie ihre Nützlichkeit im Sinne von Kants Republiken unter Beweis stellen, die miteinANDer HANDel treiben und Gastfreundschaft gewährleisten. Die INTERNATIONALen Beziehungen schwanken auch im Zeitalter der Globalisierung zwischen Assoziation und Dissoziation. Schlüsselwörter: Globalisierung, Krieg, Frieden, Immanuel Kant, Thomas Hobbes, Hugo Grotius, Karl Deutsch, Theorie der INTERNATIONALen Beziehungen, Geopolitik, Realismus, INTERNATIONALe Institutionen, Interdependenz, Vernetzung, Sicherheitsgemeinschaften, demokratischer Frieden, Großmachtskonflikt, kleinere Staaten.

Following the evolution in the concept of PEACE AND security, UN Security Council has considered climate change as a threat against INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security since 2007 in its 5663 meetings. The consequences of the climate change will vary around the world. Some countries may encounter severe storms AND floods resulted from melting of polar ice caps while others may face droughts. Increasing earth temperature which is one of the most important consequences of climate change endangers human security AND life especially in the developing countries. It also exacerbates social AND economic poverty AND finally results in INTERNATIONAL AND non-INTERNATIONAL conflicts. Also, there are some hot places in the world which are likely to be the main victims of these changes but the effects would threaten all nations.This article, explaining national AND INTERNATIONAL consequences of climate change, tends to consider the relationship between these changes AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security in light of different state observations in Security Council’s meetings.

By Refer to the INTERNATIONAL Civil Aviation Convention, known as the Chicago Convention, shows that Civil Aviation can play a dual role in providing or threatening INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security. Clearly, the Chicago Convention, in its preamble, recalls the positive role of INTERNATIONAL civil aviation in “, creating AND preserving friendship AND understANDing among the nations AND people of the world”, , noted that: “, abuse the future development of INTERNATIONAL civil aviation considers as a threat to general security”, . Hence, the Convention has not neglected its negative effects on INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security. Now, if it is proven that the sanctions imposed on the civil aviation governments sometimes lead to abuse of the civil aviation, the question arises as to whether this is not explicitly considered in Article (4) of the said Convention, a violation of the Chicago Convention AND the abuse of civil aviation AND as a result, it does not endanger INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND security? The authors' answer to this question indicates that according to the studies conducted in this article, at first, because of the negative effects of aviation sanctions prevail over positive effect, second, the aviation sanctions have become a tool for violating the Chicago Convention AND abusing of civil aviation.

Globalization with the increasing interaction AND human relationships has caused the concept of PEACE means the absence of the threat of war AND establishment Relax in life relationships AND social interactions of humans with Jus Cogens Rules of human rights in the globalization of human rights as the first AND foremost, aim of the INTERNATIONAL system for to form of Culture of PEACE in format of PEACE studies come to fruition. According to this, recognition AND awareness of amount ability effectiveness globalization of human rights in forming to culture of PEACE direction draw to perspective achieve to PEACE in INTERNATIONAL relations AND background for presentation Plans AND suggestions for settlement Crises disruptive pace in INTERNATIONAL relations, question that must be answered. The authors believe, globalization with bring up human rights thought as core main culture human rights globalization is caused PEACE studies positive in format of generations of human rights AND negative PEACE studies in format of form of the principle of humanitarian intervention AND the principle of the responsibility of support in a two-way interactive with overlap institutionalize culture of PEACE in INTERNATIONAL relations is caused.